Airway |
· Stiff neck · Atlanto-axial instability (?) · Risk of fracture during laryngoscopy -> Hyperangulated VL vs AFBI |
Breathing |
· Non-compliant chest wall · Pulmonary fibrosis -> ↑RR, ↓VT |
Circulation |
· Aortic regurgitation · Myocarditis · Conduction disease · Cardiomyopathy · Pericardial effusion -> TTE before major surgery |
Disability (neuro) |
Brain: · Chronic pain / opioids · Depression Neuraxis: · Fusion · Immobility · Spondylolisthesis · Epidural space obliteration · Higher risk of epidural haematoma (ASRA) |
Other |
· Anaemia of chronic disease · Analgesic nephropathy |
Medications |
· NSAID · DMARD -> marrow suppression, infection risk · Glucocorticoid -> toxicity, insufficiency · Opioids |
https://www.anesthesiaconsiderations.com/ankylosing-spondylitis-considerations
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