(needs work)
Causes |
· Degeneration · Rheumatic (overseas born, Aborigines) · Connective tissue disease · Congenital |
Complications |
Forward: · Fixed cardiac output · Stroke Backward: · Left atrial enlargement · Atrial arrhythmias · Pulmonary oedema · Pulmonary hypertension · Right heart failure |
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Mild |
Moderate |
Severe |
Mean gradient |
<5 |
5-10 |
>10 |
Valve area |
>1.5 |
1.0-1.5 |
<1.0 |
Goals |
Maintain cardiac output · ↓Rate and sinus rhythm · ↑Preload · ↑Afterload |
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