Airway syndromes in paediatrics:

Pierre-Robin Sequence

· Micrognathia -> glossoptosis -> cleft palate

· Difficult laryngoscopy. Gets easier with age.

Treacher-Collins syndrome

· = mandibulofacial dysostosis

· Malformation of branchial arches 1&2

· Midface hypoplasia, small mouth, TMJ abnormality

· Difficult laryngoscopy. Gets harder with age.

Mucopolysaccharoidosis

· Multiple subtypes

· GAG accumulation

· Large tongue, thickened mucosa, mandibular hypoplasia, tonsillar hypertrophy, TMJ dysfunction, short, immobile neck

· Some subtypes associated with C-spine instability

· Difficultly with both bag-mask ventilation and intubation