Hypertension on day of surgery

 

The measurement of adult blood pressure and management of hypertension before elective surgery (preop.org.uk)

Elective surgery should proceed for patients who attend the pre-operative assessment clinic without documentation of normotension in primary care if their blood pressure is less than 180 mmHg systolic and 110 mmHg diastolic when measured in clinic.

 

Approach:

What is BP now?

Check cuff:

·     Width: covers 2/3 arm (too small = falsely high)

·     Bladder length: encircles 80% of arm circumference

Repeat BP:

·     Repeat x 2, q 5 mins

·     Other arm (? arterial stenosis)

·     Manual check (? machine malfunction)

How high is ok?

·     AAGBI: proceed if <180/110

What is BP usually?

·     History of ↑BP?

·     History of white coat ↑BP

·     BP at last GP review? If unknown, contact GP

·     BP checks at home?

·     On medication? Any recent change? Taken today?
(if not taken: take, wait until later in list, reassess

Symptoms?

·     Headache

·     Visual disturbance

Complications?

·     Stroke: e.g. facial droop, hemiplegia

·     Myocardial ischaemia: dyspnoea, sweating, ST ↑↓ on ECG

·     Heart failure: dyspnoea, crackles on auscultation

Cause?

·     Phaeo: episodic ↑HR, ↑BP, palpitations, flushing

·     Pre-eclampsia: visual disturbance, hyperreflexia

 

Considerations:

Patient

·     If anomalous and recently normal: proceed

·     If symptomatic: cancel

·     If complications: cancel, refer to A&E

·     If secondary cause: cancel

·     If PHx ischaemic heart disease: cancel (↑afterload -> ↑MvO2)

·     If PHx hypertensive stroke: cancel (↑risk of same)

·     If heart failure: cancel (↑risk APO)

Surgery

·     Discuss with surgeon

·     If not urgent (e.g. carpal tunnel): cancel
(cf. laparotomy)

·     If stimulating (e.g. FESS with cocaine): cancel
(cf.flexi cystoscopy)

·     If bleeding risk (e.g. neuro): cancel

Anaesthetic

·     If stimulating (e.g. laryngoscopy): favour cancelling
(↑risk of stroke)

·     If intra-op BP control very important (e.g. FESS): favour cancelling

Logistics

·     If post-op admission unavailable: favour cancelling

·     If physician review unavailable: favour cancelling

 

 

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