Lower limb neuro

 

Inspection

Lower limbs and lumbar spine

·          Wasting

·          Scars

·          Deformity

·          Gait

 

 

 

 

 

Tone

·          Hip

·          Knee

·          Ankle

 

 

 

Power

·          Hip flexion: L1-2

·          Hip extension: L5-S1

·          Hip abduction: L2-3

·          Hip adduction: L5-S1

·          Knee extension: L3-4

·          Knee flexion: L5-S1

·          Ankle dorsiflexion: L4-5

·          Ankle plantarflexion: S1-2

·          Ankle inversion: L4-5

·          Ankle eversion: L5-S1

(Nothing 0, flicker 1, no gravity 2, gravity 3, reduced 4, normal 5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reflexes

·          Knee jerk: L3-4

·          Ankle jerk: S1-2

·          Plantar reflex: UMN sign

(Low 1+, normal 2+, high 3+)

 

 

 

Co-ordination

·          Run heel along shin

 

Sensation

·          DCML: light touch, vibration, proprioception

·          ALS: pain, temperature

·          L1: upper anterior thigh

·          L2: mid anterior thigh

·          L3: knee

·          L4: medial leg

·          L5: lateral leg

·          S1: sole of foot

·          S2: posterior leg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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