General inspection |
· Conscious state: ↑↓↔ · Respiratory effort: ↑↓↔, accessory muscle use, pursed lips · Colour: pink, blue · Body habitus: cachexia · Syndrome |
Vital signs |
· RR and regularity · SpO2 |
Hands |
· Hypercapnoea: asterixis, bounding pulse · Chronic hypoxia: clubbing · Cancer: ulnar wasting, HPOA · Smoking: tar staining |
Head and neck |
· Eyes: conjunctival pallor and Horner’s syndrome · Face: plethora and Pemberton’s sign · Neck: supraclav lymph nodes · Voice: RLN palsy hoarseness |
Chest |
*Anterior, lateral and posterior* · Inspection: scars, deformity, barrel chest · Palpation: bilateral expansion · Percussion · Auscultation · Vocal resonance |
Praecordium |
· Cor pulmonale: loud P2, parasternal heave |
Bedside test |
· PEFR · Spirometry |
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